Chapter 2: Author/ity describes how saying someone is an author is more complex than simply recognizing that an individual wrote or created something. We need to keep theory rule number one, “everything is suspect,” in mind. There are a never-ending amount of authors in all fields of study. You could even say that an architect authored a building, which explains the infinite number of individuals who could be considered authors. Although there is a debate about whether a writer has to produce works of a certain greatness to be considered an author.
Chapter 3: Reading explains how after the death of the author, the reader is now in charge of the meaning of the work. But that would leave us with an infinite number of interpretations and opinions. It would be impossible to determine which one was the correct analysis of the writing.
Chapter 4: Subjectivity addresses when someone is referred to as a subject, he or she loses self-identity. It causes the person to become anonymous, in a sense and he or she is no longer characterized by intrinsic qualities, but instead by external factors. Unfortunately, it’s impossible for people to avoid “the social processes of subject-formation.” Connecting past and future chapters of “The Toolbox Theory” to each other, “cultures ‘author’ subjects,” meaning that cultures create subjects by bringing people together for a common purpose. In a sense, individuality is lost.
Chapter 5: Culture discusses terms like race, ethnicity, nationality and multiculturalism to examine what makes up culture. Culture produces authors’ and readers’ interpretations of writing, as well as all people’s interpretations of their everyday lives. The chapter also contrasts high culture and pop culture by explaining, “Popular culture is in this sense another word for a concrete or actual culture, while high culture signifies timeless or transcendent culture, not bound by the times and places in which it is produced, transmitted, and received.” Furthermore, the chapter describes media culture, which is a money-making and influential industry.
Chapter 6: Ideology defines ideology as “the material study of immaterial things, ideas.” Ideological ideas are untrue and deceptive, but in order for there to be knowledge in something at all, ideology must be present. There has to be some standards that determine new and expanding knowledge. Knowledge is constantly changing, so therefore ideology is constantly changing because something that was once an ideology could actually become knowledge.
Chapter 7: History examines how history is always being interpreted by “words, images, and symbols” that people obtain through movies, legal records and oral history. Our interpretations are manipulated by historians sometimes biased portrayals of the past. Instead of focusing on the everyday lives of average people, the information that we have of the past is centralized around the “great” events.
Chapter 8: Individuals experience both time and space in personalized manners based upon their own experiences. Therefore, these experiences are formed by greater social processes. People control their own time and space as well as other individuals’ time and space. Throughout history, these two elements have played a significant role in the lives of all people in both their personal and work lives.
Chapters 1 through 8 of “The Theory Toolbox” will provide me with guidance of the many, important theories that are possible to use as a theoretical framework for my research project. Understanding them will likely allow me to comprehend complex terms while obtaining research for the project. The possible topics that I’ve chosen for the project fit the standards laid out in these chapters, but I definitely need to refine my research questions so they allow for further analysis in my project.
In Chapter 1: Why Theory? of “The Theory Toolbox” explains that there are more theories than action. But it’s really what people do, instead of what they think that’s important. Theories help us to ask questions about how things work, as well as how they could work differently. According to “The Theory Toolbox” the question posed throughout the book is “What can you do with theory?”
Chapter 2: Author/ity describes how saying someone is an author is more complex than simply recognizing that an individual wrote or created something. We need to keep theory rule number one, “everything is suspect,” in mind. There are a never-ending amount of authors in all fields of study. You could even say that an architect authored a building, which explains the infinite number of individuals who could be considered authors. Although there is a debate about whether a writer has to produce works of a certain greatness to be considered an author.
Chapter 3: Reading explains how after the death of the author, the reader is now in charge of the meaning of the work. But that would leave us with an infinite number of interpretations and opinions. It would be impossible to determine which one was the correct analysis of the writing.
Chapter 4: Subjectivity addresses when someone is referred to as a subject, he or she loses self-identity. It causes the person to become anonymous, in a sense and he or she is no longer characterized by intrinsic qualities, but instead by external factors. Unfortunately, it’s impossible for people to avoid “the social processes of subject-formation.” Connecting past and future chapters of “The Toolbox Theory” to each other, “cultures ‘author’ subjects,” meaning that cultures create subjects by bringing people together for a common purpose. In a sense, individuality is lost.
Chapter 5: Culture discusses terms like race, ethnicity, nationality and multiculturalism to examine what makes up culture. Culture produces authors’ and readers’ interpretations of writing, as well as all people’s interpretations of their everyday lives. The chapter also contrasts high culture and pop culture by explaining, “Popular culture is in this sense another word for a concrete or actual culture, while high culture signifies timeless or transcendent culture, not bound by the times and places in which it is produced, transmitted, and received.” Furthermore, the chapter describes media culture, which is a money-making and influential industry.
Chapter 6: Ideology defines ideology as “the material study of immaterial things, ideas.” Ideological ideas are untrue and deceptive, but in order for there to be knowledge in something at all, ideology must be present. There has to be some standards that determine new and expanding knowledge. Knowledge is constantly changing, so therefore ideology is constantly changing because something that was once an ideology could actually become knowledge.
Chapter 7: History examines how history is always being interpreted by “words, images, and symbols” that people obtain through movies, legal records and oral history. Our interpretations are manipulated by historians sometimes biased portrayals of the past. Instead of focusing on the everyday lives of average people, the information that we have of the past is centralized around the “great” events.
Chapter 8: Individuals experience both time and space in personalized manners based upon their own experiences. Therefore, these experiences are formed by greater social processes. People control their own time and space as well as other individuals’ time and space. Throughout history, these two elements have played a significant role in the lives of all people in both their personal and work lives.
Chapters 1 through 8 of “The Theory Toolbox” will provide me with guidance of the many, important theories that are possible to use as a theoretical framework for my research project. Understanding them will likely allow me to comprehend complex terms while obtaining research for the project. The possible topics that I’ve chosen for the project fit the standards laid out in these chapters, but I definitely need to refine my research questions so they allow for further analysis in my project.
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